Cadillac Square.
The name Cadillac Square Park comes from the fact that this was
the site of the home of M. de La Mothe de Cadillac when he was
appointed as the new Governor of the Louisiana Territory. Cadillac,
who founded the city of Detroit in 1701, moved to Dauphin Island in
1713 along with his wife, son and daughters. The park provides
picnic tables and bathrooms for the general public. It is also a
central location for access to the island-long Bike Path
Dauphin Island- Cradle of the Louisiana
Territory.
Before Mobile was founded, or New Orleans even a place on a map,
Dauphin Island was the center of French colonization in the
Southern United States. Explored and mapped by the Spanish as early
as 1519, it was 1699 when the French established their permanent
colony. Originally named Massacre Island, due to the mountain of
human skeletons found here.
The colony prospered and in 1704, even received a ship load of
young women (the Pelican Girls) to be wives of the early
explorers.
The name Massacre was changed in 1707 to Isle Dauphine in honor
of the heir to Louis the IVX, the Sun King of France. At the time,
Pelican island/Sand island connected to Dauphin Island and formed
what was described as the best deepwater port in the Gulf. It was
large enough for thirty vessels and had twenty feet of water at its
entrance. The port (Pelican Harbor) was always in use with ocean
going ships unloading their goods to be transported up Alabama's
river system by smaller, shallower running craft.
In 1711, the colony was almost destroyed by a pirate attack, but
recovered and continued to flourish. The bright future of Isle
Dauphine was changed in a single night though, by the tremendous
Hurricane of 1717. So intense was it's furry, that it completely
altered the shape of the island and closed the entrance to Pelican
Harbor, trapping three ships there. Buildings were destroyed and
live stock drowned. Due to the destruction and especially the loss
of the great harbor, the center of French activities were forced to
move to other locations such as Mobile, Biloxi, and eventually, New
Orleans.